Robinson Crusoe And Friday :: essays research papers

Robinson Crusoe and Friday EssayFamilies, in the late 17th century, played an important role in the development of children. Since Robinson Crusoe left his family at a relatively young age, he was unable to see that people c ared for him on a daily basis. To be set free, a person is able to stand on their own without being told what to do and when to do it, with the government being the exception in that you have to do what they tell you to do. Crusoe fails to set Friday free because, Friday is the close-set(prenominal) thing to a brother hes had in close thirty years.Crusoe resembles a big brother trying to teach a younger sibling how to talk or comprehend whats going on. He says Made it my business to teach him everything that as proper to suck in him speak, and understand me when I spake. Crusoe takes on the role of the big brother, and Friday takes on the role as the younger brother. Younger brothers usually look up to their big brothers and neediness to be just like them. I believe this is why Crusoe wants to teach Friday. It gives Crusoe the feeling of being greatly admired. By the title character teaching Friday how to talk, this signifies that they are coming together more as a family and are able to be more productive and efficient together. Communication is a huge barrier, and by them developing common grounds they are able to understand where one another are coming from. This helped give complete understanding of each other.Crusoe taught Friday to do more than just communicate, he taught him how to hunt and harvest food.And let me know that he thought I had much more labour upon me on his report than I had for my self and that he would work the harder for me, if I would tell him what to do. (Page 156)He taught Friday to do these things because he cared for him. He wanted Friday to be able to support himself in more than one way in case something was to happen to one of his food resources. It is an older brothers duty to teach siblings how to b e autonomous of others. He does this because, more than likely, there wont always be somebody around to take care of him his whole life. During a long lecture, Crusoe teaches Friday about God and his religion.

The Renaissance :: essays research papers

The renascenceThe literal meaning of the word Renaissance is rebirth. This idea of rebirth definitely applies to the melody of this period. The Renaissance followed the Middle Ages and spanned from 1400 to 1600. A central characteristic was the rebirth of humanism, which is a way of loo power at our world, emphasizing the importance of human beings, their nature, and their place in the universe. iodine main purpose of the humanistic view was to educate pupils to be the ideal gentleman or universal man that was reminiscent of the Greco-Roman ideal.During the Renaissance call music was more important than instrumental music, and composers during that period wrote music to enhance the meaning and emotion of the schoolbook. (Source www.thinkquest.org) Renaissance composers often used word painting, a melodious representation of specific human emotions. Word painting was used in the madrigal, which is a piece that matches the word of the song with a musical setting. For example if the text had words like rising, flying, or soaring then the music would be fast upward scales. (Source Jeremy Yudkin Understanding Music) The most illustrious composer that wrote such madrigals was Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.Palestrina, according to most Renaissance scholars, was a master composer. He started out in 1554 performing Masses and sang in the Cappella Sistina. (Source w3.rz-berlin.mpg) He was so famous that he was actually asked to rewrite the churchs main plainchant books, but had to follow the Council of Trents guidelines. His most famous Mass, Missa Papae Marcelli, was in fact in line with the Counter Reformation, which he always was. His conservative attitude towards making the Catholic polyphonic music helped composers down the line to create new music for the church. Even though the polyphonic texts invaded the church, most of the Ordinary of the Mass, which is the Kyrie eleison, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Andus Dei stayed mostly in plainchant for at least some parts.The Protestant Reformation actually helped the Catholic Church come to let the Mass become more active with polyphonic hymns. The musical boundaries were expanded because the invention of printing which led to a larger circulation of text. Even though the church grew towards easier hymns music still gradually move to a secular way of creating music. The whole Protestant Reformation started because the king of England and Martin Luther, the king wanted to divorce his first wife and the pope would not recognize this break of the marriage vow.

Global Power Dynamic Essay -- International Relations

IntroductionDuring the era of the Cold War, the global bureau structure was characterized by strategic bipolarity (Sorensen 2004 124). by and by the disintegration of Soviet Union, the global power structure turned into a unipolar world under the control of the United States. With the development of Germany and Japan, scholars, analysts and observers have predicted a decline in American power and a return to a multi-polar world. Recent years, the BRICs has been considered as a new power in global issue. its speedy and successful development, chinaware has been exposed under the spotlight all the time. The world economic crisis happened in 2007 not only damaged the economy of America hardly also the international image. We have seen the vulnerability of American economy and the failing role of taking responsibility for the economic crisis. Simultaneously, as a huge economy, chinaware is the only country recovers in the minimum duration. The recovery of China also contributes to t he spring back of regional and global economy. After the global economic crisis, China has reduced the distance with America in economy, most importantly China has built a powerful image in the world. Thus this image brings sensation standpoint that China is becoming another super power in the world America cannot dictate the whole world any more. Based on this view, the global power structure is emerging a G2 structure China and US (Stelzer 2009). This paper is aiming to analyze this G2 assumption. Is it the real global power structure in the world now? How does the crisis affect the state? Does the world economic crisis only bring power to China? Where will be the next stop of the power structure? The transformation of the new powerThe emerging powerful Ch... ... Weekly Standard, Vol. 13, Issue 46, 25 August 2008.http//www.weeklystandard.com/Utilities/printer_preview.asp?idArticle=15426&R=162C82AAEDRoberts, Cynthia, Polity Forum Challengers or Stakeholders? BRICs and the progre ssive tense World Order, Polity, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2010.Sorensen, Georg, The Transformation of the State. Beyond the Myth of Retreat, London Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008.Stelzer, Irwin, The real action will be at the G2 China and the US, The Sunday Times, March 29, 2009.http//business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/columnists/article5993143.eceMastanduno, Michael, System Maker and Privilege Taker U.S. Power and the International Political Economy, World Politics 61, January 2009.Wade, Robert (2008), Financial Regime alter? New Left Review, 53, September-October 2008.Zakaria, Fareed, The Rise of the Rest, Newsweek, 12 May, 2008.

Its Time to Put an End to Child Labor Essay example -- Argumentative

Its Time to Put an End to Child LaborPeople believe that fry labor does not affect them, not realizing that the Persian rugs they put their feet on are make by suffering children in a dark, small room. They dont draw the soccer balls that their children are kicking around outside are made by children themselves, who slave away for little or no pay at all. In 1999, ap-proximately 250 million children are employed or enslaved across the world for little or no money at all (Gay 23). Imagine how these child workers are depraved from experi-ences the joys of childhood. These poor children never get to play outside or enjoy a simple game. Child labor is a plough experience for anyone involved in it. In order to end this travesty of child labor, the world must unite as one to create coalitions and companies that sanction child laborers. All over the world children are laboring for little or no money. Desperate families sell their children in order to get a loan from corrupt employers. T he child is treated like a slave he has no say in the matter and can be laboured to work up to 18 hours a day, seven days a week (Barry 1). The conditions of these children are of great public concern. U.S. Secretary of Labor Robert Reich and other far-famed politicians attempt to end the suf-fering of these impoverish children. Several companies and organizations are also con-cerned with the squalor these workers live in and their staggering working conditions. They attempt to not purchase products made by child laborers (Boukhari 2). Children all over the world are suffering from physical, emotional, and sexual abuse that transpires from child labor. Physical abuse is common place in sweatshops where children work. If the child becomes too slow, or makes a mistake or whines, the child could be beaten, tortured, or slaughtered (George 35). Small children are forced to climb under life-threatening working machines and handle hazardous items with bare hands. But even worse is the sexual abuse of children. The unscrupulous employers often pur-sue children as sexual prey, raping boys and girls everyday. Children are forced to live in brothels and have sex with men up to six times their own ages (Boukhari 4). Many of the carpet factories serve as enlistment centers for brothels. The simply money these girls make is usually less than 15-cent tips from clients (Berry 2). Even after the chi... ...d by the dire effects that will come. In order to stop the decadent polity of child labor, the world must work as one and create coalitions and companies. An example of a company that is attempting to put an end to child labor is the Rugmark grass. The Rugmark Corporation makes highly profitable rugs that are promised to be child labor free. The Foulball try seeks to eliminate the use of child labor in the manufacture of soccer balls. The Foulball campaign generated almost immediate publicity, thousands of soccer players from both the United States and Europe reques ted that child labor was to be eliminated from soccer ball manufacturing. The Foulball campaign hopes to spread this arrange to other balls such as baseballs, footballs, and basketballs. Another company that works against child labor is UNICEF. UNICEF works to protect children all over the world. It raises money to save unacquainted(p) children. But we need more campaigns to end child labor. We must force other countries to abide by international law. The only way to stop this problem is to unite as one and perform together. Child labor is a horrible affair that must be stopped for the good of the entire world.

Wealth Disparity in the United States :: essays research papers

Wealth in the United States has always been unequally dispersed among African Americans and whites, even dating back to the 1800s. African Americans own slight property, are less educated, and are in a lower socioeconomic class than whites. Policies since the 1960s have been implemented in the United States, such as welfare, to serve up lessen the gap between the two, but the evidence suggests that these policies have not worked to their potential. Furthermore, the question that the germ is trying to answer is what can be done to swear out lessen the wealth gap between African Americans and whites. The author looks at affirmative action, business ownership among blacks, but overall focuses most of his attention on home and property ownership.The author suggests that to achieve the goal of racial and class equality, a policy needs to rely on socioeconomic status, but curiously take a persons assets into account. Whites own substantially more property than blacks, which creates a large gap in assets between blacks and whites. While umpteen blacks want to live in integrated neighborhoods, white neighborhoods do not want their property value declining, so therefore white flight ensues. The author proposes to have a policy that guarantees that black ownership in a neighborhood will not top 15 percent, so whites would be less likely to leave. Also, many incentives have been proposed to help the poor gain prosperity, such as a national wealth tax. This tax would make individuals review their assets and liabilities, and past individuals would be required to pay the government a percentage of that net worth.

Wealth Disparity in the United States :: essays research papers

Wealth in the United States has always been unequally dispersed among African Americans and whites, even dating back to the 1800s. African Americans own less(prenominal) property, are less educated, and are in a lower socioeconomic class than whites. Policies since the 1960s have been implemented in the United States, such as welfare, to help lessen the gap between the two, and the evidence suggests that these policies have not worked to their potential. Furthermore, the question that the author is trying to answer is what can be make to help lessen the wealth gap between African Americans and whites. The author looks at affirmative action, business ownership among blacks, but overall focuses most of his financial aid on home and property ownership.The author suggests that to achieve the goal of racial and class equality, a policy needs to rely on socioeconomic status, but especially take a persons assets into account. Whites own substantially more property than blacks, which cre ates a large gap in assets between blacks and whites. period many blacks want to live in integrated neighborhoods, white neighborhoods do not want their property value declining, so therefore white career ensues. The author proposes to have a policy that guarantees that black ownership in a neighborhood will not top 15 percent, so whites would be less likely to leave. Also, many incentives have been proposed to help the poor gain prosperity, such as a national wealth tax. This tax would make individuals palingenesis their assets and liabilities, and then individuals would be required to pay the government a percentage of that net worth.

Air Pollution: a Damage Resulting from Economic Development Essay

This term paper is about the impacts of emission of harmful gases like sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide etc. due to the development of industrial business in Bangladesh. Here, the study has been based on the regression psychoanalysis of percentage of carbon dioxide emission per metric unit ton and GDP per capita of eight Asian countries to determine that how milieual pollution is increasing because of industrial progression. And it has been found that they have positive relation. The motto of this term paper is to remind of the fact that only thinking about the scotch development of the country should not be welcomed unless the importance of environmental welf ar is being realized.The kindred between economic produce and the environment is debatable. Traditional economic theory posits a trade-off between economic growth and environmental quality. Since the early 1990s, however, the rapidly expanding empirical and theoretical literature has suggested that the relationship betwee n economic growth and the environment could be positive and hence growth is a prerequisite for environmental improvement. But on the other hand, growth could be an affective reason of environmental pollution.This paper depicts the empirical pattern that at relatively low levels of GDP per capita, pollution level (and intensity) initially increases with salary increase income. The dominant theoretical explanation is that when GDP increases, the greater scale of production leads directly to more pollution, but, at a higher level of income per capita, the demand for health and environmental quality rises with income which can translate into environmental regulation, in which case there tend to be favorable shifts in the composition of output and in the techniques of production.Air pollution can be occurred in two ways-increasing of suspended particular matters (dusts, fumes, mists and smokes) and emission of vapourised pollutants. Among these two comp integritynts, air pollution due to gaseous pollutants is a severe pollution of modern era. Air pollution is one of the causes of environmental pollution and because of environmental pollution people face various kinds of bootleg diseases which may decrease the productivity level of them. As a result economic development of a country could be hampered. Sustainable development has been one of the alarming concerns in the twenty-first century.It has significant implications on the extent of economic activity in the future. Anderson and Brooks (1996) have given the statement, scientific basis backup the relationship between business activities, resource depletion and the environment has grown stronger in recent years. Grossman (1995) offers three main explanations as to how air pollution due to economic development affects one countrys environment- First is the scale effect of income on the environment. As more outputs are produced, more inputs are (natural resources included) are required and more wastes and emiss ions by products are created during the process. Second is the technology composition effect. This refers to the technology as a percent of GDP. Third is the technique effect. Technique pertains to the question and development of a country.Air pollution measurements for eight Asian countries (China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, South Korea, Bangladesh, Singapore, and Thailand) are calculated by collecting the percentage of carbon dioxide emission (per metric ton) and GDP per capita of one particular year from the World Bank data. Here, carbon dioxide emission is the dependent variable and GDP per capita is the independent variable. And then from regression analysis the result has been occupied.

Development in Early Childhood

In chapter 8, the author highlights the development of a nippers body as he/she goes through different tips of development both physically (body growth and brain) and at the same time acquires different motor skills and begins to manifest different wellness conditions. In the chapter, focused on different important concepts that included the parts and functions of the body that is beneficial for a childs growth and development. Due to their coitus importance, the chapter also points out important steps that p bents and early on childhood educators can do to enhance a childs capabilities.It included different approaches in improving a childs (1) emotional wellbeing, (2) nutrition, and (3) prevention of different diseases children are prone to during such(prenominal) stage. In addition to that, the chapter also focused on the concept of heredity and how it influences the physical growth of a child. It also stimulates the creation of different bodily functions. Lastly, the chapter m entions the development of motor skills. It elaborated on different situations wherein such skill can be improved and enhanced. Looking at Chapter 9, it relatively focuses on the cognitive development during early childhood.It first elaborates on important theories skirt the concept. It included (1) Piagets Preoperational Stage and (2) Vygotskys Sociocultural theory. These two theories explained the realm of cognitive development among children. Looking at Piagets theory, it explains the way childrens cognitive processes are developed and enhanced. In his theory, Piaget advocates that as children advance in age, they also increase their capabilities to decipher mental representations like language and the make believe concept among children becomes interlacing in nature.As children progress in age, they begin to understand the reality in their individual make believe. This process is called dual representation. In addition to such, the preoperational stage can be characterized as egocentric in nature. sensitivity to childrens readiness to learn, and acceptance of individual differences Vygotskys theory on the other hand root his analysis in the way society affects the development of childrens speech.It is through this that Vygotsky advocated the importance of language as the chief(prenominal) contributor for the cognitive process. It emanates from the concept called hidden speech that deals with inner, verbal thought. In addition, the theory points out the creation of intersubjectivity which is a neutral zone for communication and the element of scaffolding by parents as the main components of social interaction that is vital for cognitive development among children. Chapter 10 on the other hand focuses on the emotional and social development in early childhood.It looks at Eriksons theory of initiative versus guilt and points out important concepts such as (1) emotional development, (2) peer relations, (3) cultural influences, (4) morality, (5) gender typi ng and (6) child rearing. In the chapter, the author pointed out the importance of Erikson theory in the analysis of the diverse emotional and social changes during childhood. In addition, the factors mentioned above also have their avouch fair share of contributions to the development of a child. The chapter pointed out different factors that can affect the way children behave.Due to this, the responsibility is left to parents and educators to effectively enforce and promote the turn down values among children since this is an important stage in their overall development as an adult. Another important factor pointed out by the chapter is the relative occurrence of furiousness and aggression among children. It pointed out the relative influence of media in the increased violent tendencies of children. The chapter points out that parents should create rearing mechanisms that will shield their children to such violent demeanor at a young age.References(n.d.) Chapter 8Physical Deve lopment in Early Childhood. Retrieved June 23, 2008.(n.d.) Chapter 9Cognitive Development in Early Childhood. Retrieved June 23, 2008.(n.d.) Chapter 10 ruttish and Social Development in Early Childhood. Retrieved June 23,2008.

A comparison of Robert Frost’s life and his writings

Literary works are considered in part as a reflection of the life or parts of the life of an author. Indeed, literary writers expose a part of them with the words that they pen and share with the world.The poet and his/her works stand side by side as individual entities that both share similarities, or even differences, with from each one other, and yet the poem is not the author, and the author is not the poem they are separate from each other, the one a part and product of the other but both entirely separate from each other.Because of this, it is interesting to investigate the presence of certain parallelisms, or certain opposites or contradictions, between the author and his life compared to the ethos of the literary works that a certain author has produced collectively, during his or her lifetime.One of the significant personalities in the long listing of American poets and literary writers is Robert Lee hoar, or simply Robert hoar. Frost, a four-time recipient of the Pulitz er Prize, has contributed immensely to the collection of American poetry and literary writing, resulting to his earning the stature that makes Frost an exaltation target for the analysis that this paper wishes to pursue.Investigating how professional literary critiques, analysts as well as other people who referenced Robert Frost or his works via the go off reliable and credible literature leads to the idea that Frosts works and what it stands for, what it means, and how it affects the audience are closely similar and related to Frost and how he lived his life, and it is in the pursuit of establishing this point is the endeavor to which this paper is dedicated to.The real and unsophisticated lifeFrost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26, 1874, extremely away 88 years later on January 29, 1963 in Boston, Massachusetts. He left behind American literature which he highly influenced and altered by adding his own works and his own writing style in the annals of American literary writing.In the pursuit of finding points of comparison that can establish familiar or contrasting points between the life of Frost and his writings, a cursory investigation of Frosts life and his writings would reveal that commonality in finicky is not actually difficult to establish.Most of Frosts writings was about the present time (at the time he was writing a particular piece), adding to the overall style of Frost which is generally realistic in nature. Frost wrote literary materials that reflect the life during his time, and in a way, the fictional works of Frost his characters, his society or community all reflects or imitates at least a part of Frosts real life and aspects of his personality. This is a very important aspect of similarity comparison which this paper points firstly in this paper.Frosts usual reference to rural life or the portrayal of rural life in his umpteen different literary works was a reflection of Frosts leanings towards the rural life, w hich was not very easy for Frost to completely attain since Frost, during his lifetime, spent much time in the city.Because of his penchant for the rural life, Frosts depiction and tales of rural life in his many works reflect the similarities that Frost experienced in real life, especially about Frosts rural life in both his untested and mature years. In the early years of his marriage with Elinor Miriam White, Frost worked as a farmer, tending to the Derry, New Hampshire farm that his father bought for them to use to get started on their married life.

Ethical Principles and Codes of Practice Essay

Ethical prescripts and codes of hap can provide guidance in day-to-day pr symbolizeice. Analyse motherfuckers situation in the facial expression battleground and come to a conclusion about what would be an appropriate response.This essay leave analyse the honorable principles and code of commit in relation to the case study of putz, a man suffering from Alzheimers indisposition and will suggest a quarrel of action for Peters situation based upon the application of these principles and the code. It will do this by examining the term ethics and will focus on quadruple honourable principles found to be relative to the kinds of ethical issues and challenges met indoors health and social cargon mountaintings, these will be applied to the case study. Peters situation is that of a man, who, at the request of his family, unhappily (but appargonntly necessarily), moved to Parkside Manor, a small residential disquiet home. Of late Peters terminus of Alzheimers disease has adv anced and he has become progressively uninhibited. His behaviour has caused the ply to question Peters post at the heraldic bearing home, as some of the other residents are beginning to become troubled and distressed by his behaviour.Some round feel that with the number of residents needing attention, Peters call for require more meter than they piddle to give. so far Peters family are resolute in their decision for him to remain at Parkside. ethical motive are defined as the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it (Collins, 2006, p535). Individual values kick d avouchstairs over time through socialisation, upbringing and experiences. These values when viewed on a soulal level, guide individualist actions. Individuals working in the health and social care setting also condition professional values derived from professional training and ideology. Decisions are made using both personal and professiona l values and all decisions will lay down an ethical dimension. Historically health and social care practiti singlers have been directed by principles and guidance, enabling them to develop what is described as a professional morality. Codes of practice have long been seen as regulations guiding practice, with clear standards of conduct (general tender foreboding Council, 2010, p 4).These usually include some exclusions such(prenominal) as disclosure of information but they mainly describe expected forms of conduct. In areas of health and social care ethical principles are used along with codes of practice to guide and enhance the decision-making process. These principles are related to a sense of doing the business thing or that which is moral and with stems of what is obedient and bad practice (K217, Book 4, p28).This idea can be puzzleatic and can be viewed both objectively and subjectively. If viewed from an objective point of view, who should be trusted to know what is th e objective truth? If subjective, who is the whizz whose opinion should be listened to? Questions such as these are often at the core of dilemmas. Professionals working within health and social care environments do not just deal with decisions based upon the correctly and good. Consideration should also be given to ethical dilemmas, these are situations when two choices are apparent, both equal in morality and ethics (K217, Book4, p29).Pattison and Heller (2001) suggest, ethics and value issues thread their way through normal, daily health care practice, the interpretation of which is open to more than one explanation (K217, Offprints, p131). Although principles guide actions, there is still a need to assess a situation and devise an appropriate response. This assessment and response derive from an individuals values and training as much as from principles. Ethical principles are important in the field of health and social care. Practitioners need to have the powerfulness to make informed, ethical and justifiable decisions relating to the individuals in their care. This can be difficult when faced with a challenging case. Using a simulation to develop a structured way of thinking through a particular ethical situation or challenge can be sponsorful. The ETHICS framework was developed to assist people working in care settings and offers a structured way of assessing a course of action in order to come to an ethically informed decision.It emphasizes the need to be able to select a course of action based upon guidance, information and established principles, as well as the individuals beliefs. The framework requires practitioners to firstly, Enquire about the relevant facts of the case, Think about the options that are available to all problematical, Hear the views of everyone (including answer user, family members and relevant providers), light upon any relevant ethical principles and values which may help to guide the decisionmaking process, Clarify the meaning and consequences of any key values and lastly Select a course of action offering put forwarding arguments (K217, Book4, p32). When taking into account the case study, four ethical principles will be examined. These are repute for autonomy, non-malfeasance, beneficence and justice. The principles are seen as the starting points for the development of ethical approaches to care practice, providing a practical set of principles, which rather than offering direct answers to ethical dilemmas, set out useful guiding principles for practitioners when faced with controversial decisions (K217, Book 4, p34).In Peters situation, Autonomy or self-determination is complex. Respect for Autonomy refers to a commitment to respect the decision-making capability of an autonomous individual. Autonomy is the freedom to act as a person tenderes, to be able to make decisions about their own life and not to be controlled by others. The case study points out that Peter unhappily left his home, at the request of his family to move into Parkside Manor, indicating that Peter had no control over this situation. This lack of right to choose where he lives, directly impinges on Peters ability to be autonomous and make healthy informed choices. Beauchamp and Childress (2009) identify two areas necessary for autonomy Liberty or independence from control and Agency, the capacity for deliberate action (K217, Book 4, p39).When applying this principle to Peters case, it could be argued that a diagnosis of Alzheimers limits his capabilities to make decisions for himself, limiting capacity for conceptional action and so reducing Peters ability to function as an autonomous individual. The codes of practice for social care workers (2010) state a social care worker must respect the rights of service users time seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or others (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). This causes a conflict of interest between Peters rights t o act in a manner that he chooses and that of the other residents, who deserve to be able to move freely about the home without the risk of being unconnected or distressed by Peters actions. Staff may wish to take steps to minimise the potential risk of Peters behaviour causing mental harm and upset to other residents and by following risk assessment policies could assess the potential risks in this situation (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). Identifying harmful behaviour is multifaceted and open to interpretation.The assessment of risk could have serious consequences for Peter perhaps leading to a limiting of his rights and conversancy in the interest of protecting others from harm (K217, Book 4, p60). Therefore over protection or unnecessary limitation could be considered an infringement upon Peters human rights (K217, Book 4 p65). The case study does not accurately point out if Peter has the mental capability to to a lower placestand that his actions could be deba uched and upsetting for others. This being the case it may also be appropriate to talk to both Peter and his family about the situation in order to let on a solution. As the code of practice maintains, care workers must promote the independence of service users and assist them to understand and exercise their rights (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). It is suggested, that in cases where decision making capacity is deemed to be impaired, respect for autonomy may involve the care worker acting appropriately in an individuals best interests (K217, Book 4, p40). The difficulty here is that Peters best interests cannot be viewed without taking into account the best interests of other residents, care workers and relatives.This shows the limits of the code of practice in taking a narrow ethical view rather than trying to take a wider and more balanced perspective. Beneficence and the promotion of wellbeing are concerned with the provision of benefits and the balance of these a gainst risk in the care and treatment of service users. It requires that care providers make a positive contribution to help others, not just refrain from acts of harm. It could be argued that in Peters case, moving into a residential setting may be seen as doing good. The theory of beneficence or doing good is embedded in health and social care practice. Although, rather than being straightforward in its attempts to solve ethical dilemmas, beneficence can be viewed as being rather vague (K217, Book4, p34). The application of beneficence in Peters situation could be seen as a controversial one. The need to do good in this situation could be seen to be against Peters best interests, as in the case of consent.The case study alludes to the fact that Peters family are making decisions on behalf of Peter and that the diagnosis of Alzheimers disease means that he is incapable(p) of contributing to decisions around his care and wellbeing. It could therefore be argued that this results in a paternalistic approach to care, whereby the family (who are making decisions on behalf of Peter) may be channelise by practitioners views of what is in Peters best interests and in doing so may neglect the choice and personal responsibility of the individual (K217, Book 4, p36). However paternalism may be viewed as acceptable if it is proved that Peters autonomy or decision-making capacity is compromised. In this case it may be well(predicate) to initiate an assessment of Peters mental health capacity in order to justify the families involvement in the decision-making process.Beauchamp and Childress (2009) claim, the philosophy of non-malfeasance is an obligation to do no harm. Unlike beneficence, which promotes welfare and concentrates upon positively helping others, non-malfeasance focuses upon guiding health and social care practitioners to avoid harm-causing activities, this includes negligence. Having a duty of care for a person or persons in care is an ethical concept, neg lect is an absence of due care the lack of which would be seen as falling below the standards expected by the law and code of practice. The principle of non-malfeasance can be difficult to apply in practice (K217, Book 4, p37). Peter has not been physically harmed himself, although it could be contend that his behaviour around Parkside Manor could be having a detrimental effect on the wellbeing of the other residents who are beginning to be upset by Peters uninhibited behaviour. Section 3 of the codes of practice for social care workers may guide staff in promoting the independence of other service users (residents) in assisting them to understand and exercise their rights to autonomy.Also for staff to use the appropriate procedures and protocols in which to keep other service users safe from harm (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). As stated, Peters ability to make decisions about his care could be impaired, as in the right to choose where to live (which was made at the request of his family). However, maintaining Peter in his own home, as was his wish, would require extra resources such as daily social care help. If this was unavailable, Peters wish to remain in his home could be seen as detrimental to his health and wellbeing as his condition deteriorated and this would not uphold the principle of non- malfeasance. The moral principle of justice according to Beauchamp (2006) is fairness in the distribution of benefit and risk (K217, Book4, p42). It can be viewed as fair, impartial and suitable treatment for the autonomous individual. This suggests that everyone has the right to participate in the decision-making process surrounding their own treatment.This clearly is not the case for Peter, as he may no longer be classed as an autonomous service user and may not be able to articulate his needs or desires in respect of his care. In this case the staff may wish to assign a person as an advocate to represent and support (where appropriate) Peters vi ews and wishes (General Social Care Council, 2010, p6, 1.2). The case study also identifies the staffs growing concerns about their own abilities to be able to give Peter the care that he requires, with some suggesting that his needs demand more time than they have available. The code of practice sets out clear guidelines for staff in Section 3, stating that any resource or operational difficulties experienced by the care worker is to be brought to the attention of the employer or the appropriate authority (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.4).Staff working within the care home are under increasing pressure to cope with the demanding behaviour that Peter displays and in this case may feel that they are neglecting the other residents because of Peters growing needs. This highlights the problem staff have in distinguishing fairly between those that are seen to need support and those that are not. Discrimination such as this all be it without intention of causing harm, raises qu estions of inequality. As highlighted, codes of practice and other ethical guidelines are not without their limitations. These limitations are often down to an individuals freedom of choice and their views of what is right and wrong. Codes of practice deal in respect of that is the norm not the usual and at this point common sense and a corporate view are necessary. Using the four principles to analyse Peters situation is far from simple as the principles themselves are open to individual interpretation.The task for those directly involved in Peters care, such as family, professionals and the care workers at Parkside, is to ascertain their legal, professional and ethical positions and balance these against the need to protect and care for other residents and staff within the care setting. This may involve identifying ways to reduce the risk to others and to Peters dignity and privacy. As the code of practice states a social care worker must respect and maintain dignity and privacy o f service users (general Social Care Council, 2010, p6, 1.4). Some of the staff at Parkside have begun to question if the posture is an appropriate one given Peters growing needs.Staff at Parkside Manor could begin to examine ways of improving the care and support on offer to both Peter and the other residents by firstly initiating an assessment of Peters mental health capacity, in order for staff to better comprehend Peters level of understanding and to further meet his needs. This will form part of a support plan that will identify resources necessary to meet his growing requirements. The case study does not adequately highlight if Parkside Manor is equipped to deal with mental health problems such as Alzheimers or if the population is that of older residents with general care needs. One solution for the family may be to investigate the possibility of an alternative placement for Peter. Placing Peter in a more suitable setting where the staff are more used to dealing with conditi ons such as Alzheimers disease could enhance quality of care and increase Peters quality of life.BibliographyCollins, 2006, Collins Concise English Dictionary. Glasgow, HarperCollins Publishers.Open University (2010) K217, Adult health, social care and wellbeing, Chapter 14, Ethics in health and social care. Milton Keynes,The Open UniversityOpen University (2010) K217, Adult health, social care and wellbeing, Offprints, Swimming in a sea of ethics and values. Milton Keynes,The Open UniversityGeneral Social Care Council, 2010, Codes of Practice for social care workers. addressable at http//www.gscc.org.uk/cmsFiles/Registration/Codes%20of%20Practice/CodesofPracticeforSocialCareWorkers.pdf Accessed 25/02/12Gillon Raanan, 1994, Medical ethics four principles plus the attention to scope. Available at http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2540719/pdf/bmj00449-0050.pdf Accessed 09/03/12